Sea buckthorn is considered a culture with stable immunity, however, sometimes it is affected by various diseases and parasitic insects. From the article you will learn how to distinguish a diseased plant and what control methods can be used.
Sea buckthorn diseases: symptoms and treatment
Sea buckthorn is affected by infections related to fungal diseases. The symptomatology of such diseases is not hidden and is well detected by visual inspection. We will consider the most common infections below.
Endomycosis
Fungal disease of sea buckthorn fruits. Fruits with mechanical damage are exposed to infection. Spread endomycosis sea buckthorn aphids and tinnitus. Endomycosis spores are not able to penetrate the whole fruits.
From the signs of the fruit, a dull white color, a decrease in turgor, are distinguished, as a result of which juice collects from sea buckthorn berries. The mass of the fruit decreases, and the contents become slimy.
In the spring, spraying with 4% Bordeaux liquid or 3% Pitrafen solution helps to reduce the defeat of the fungus by 2 times. After the appearance of the ovaries, they are treated with 0.4% Cuprozan. In the summer and autumn period, treatment aimed at combating endomycosis is not effective.
Scab
The disease is caused by a fungus that affects young shoots, sea buckthorn fruits. Leaf scab spreads quickly and is characterized by the following features:
- tuberous formations on the leaves;
- shiny black spots;
- yellowness of leaves;
- mummified fruits.
In the first season, up to 50% of the crop dies from scab. In the absence of measures taken, after wintering, infected sea buckthorn bushes may dry out. To prevent this from happening, the plant is sprayed with 3% Nitrafen before the buds bloom. When preparing a plant for winter, first of all, the branches affected by scab are cut off, then the fallen leaves are burned.
Brown spot
Another type of fungal disease, first affecting the leaves, and then the bark and fruits of sea buckthorn. A sign of a fungus is brown and brown spots that grow and merge with each other.
Subsequently, the upper part of the tissue dies and pycnids form on it. Mushrooms are black, well-defined dots. These are fruit bodies, which can be single, scattered on the surface or assembled in groups.
In spring and autumn, the plant is sprayed with Bordeaux liquid of 1% concentration. Parts of sea buckthorn affected by the fungus are pruned and burned.
Stem rot
The causative agent of stem rot is a fungus-tinder fungus that settles in the bark of trees. The presence of the fungus leads to stratification into thin annual plates of the sea buckthorn trunk. Therefore, stem rot is also called white ring rot.
Stem rot occurs on buckthorn bushes in the presence of mechanical damage, cracks or other damage to the bark. In winter, the fungus remains inside the bark, so the affected parts of the plant must be cut off. Bordeaux liquid, HOM help in the fight against fungus, if you spray sea buckthorn before the buds open.
If you notice damage to the sea buckthorn bark, treat it with copper sulfate and paint over with oil paint.
Ulcerative necrosis of the cortex
The causative agent of this disease are the spores of the fungus that settle inside the bark of trees and shrubs of sea buckthorn. Symptoms of ulcerative necrosis are convex growths on the branches of sea buckthorn. After the bark dies off, the necrosis cracks and the black convex part of the wood becomes visible.
The spores of the fungus fall on new areas of the bark, which gradually dries up, the branches die off, and the sea buckthorn dies. More deep ulcers develop on young growth covered with necrosis.
As a fight against ulcerative necrosis, the same treatment is used as with stem rot. Disinfection of foci of necrosis that appeared on the sea buckthorn bark is allowed with a weak solution of copper sulfate.
Alternaria bark of sea buckthorn
With humidity, dampness and dense plantings, a velvet black coating appears on the sea buckthorn. It is a sign of bark alternariosis - a rapidly developing fungus, as a result of which leaves dry up and fall, branches die off.
In order to avoid alternaria, the plantings are thinned out, treated with Bordeaux liquid, the infected branches are cut off and burned.
Necrosis necrosis
A fungal disease that affects mainly young shoots of sea buckthorn. Necrotic necrosis can be recognized by brick red pillows. They are carriers of spores and are arranged longitudinally.
Drying of the bark leads to the death of the branch and the death of the sea buckthorn. Therefore, the growths must be cut off. In the fight against necritic necrosis, spraying with 1% Bordeaux fluid helps well.
Septoria spotting
It is the appearance of spots on the upper side of the leaves. The spots are round in shape and dark brown in color. After some time, the sheet tissue cracks and falls out with the presence of spots. This is fraught with the following consequences:
- decrease in frost resistance;
- lack of growth of young shoots;
- falling leaves ahead of schedule.
Septoria spot is treated in the same way as brown spot.
Fusarium wilt
The disease is infectious. Symptoms begin in mid-summer when some of the sea buckthorn leaves begin to turn yellow and suddenly fall off. Sea-buckthorn berries prematurely acquire an orange tint and fade. After wintering, the trees do not recover and die.
Blackened wood and bloated bark can be found at the base of the sea buckthorn. A pink hue appears on the fruits that survived the winter.
Fusarium wilting is practically not amenable to treatment and leads to the death of 10-20% of the plantings.
Blackleg
Often fungi living in the soil infect seedlings, which leads to blackening of the stem of the sea buckthorn and its death. To prevent this disease, a substrate is prepared for the plant, consisting of equal parts of turf land and sand. After planting, the seedlings are disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Heterosporia
Fungal disease often affects sea buckthorn leaves. It is expressed in the appearance on them of spots with a light purple border, which are found on the back of the sheet. The spots merge over time and lead to the death of the leaf. Spots on the sea buckthorn bark are carriers of heterosporiosis.
The disease is not capable of causing significant harm to the crop. To get rid of it, the plant is cleaned of infected leaves.
Verticillary wilting
The fungus infects mature trees over 5 years old, depriving them of nutrients and moisture. Symptoms of vertical wilt include:
- sudden yellowness and leaf fall;
- shriveledness and loss of turgor berries;
- slow growth;
- root rot;
- drying of branches.
Having found the fungus in time, sea buckthorn can be saved by cutting off the dried branches. Otherwise, the disease cannot be cured, the infected shrubs are dug up and burned.
Black cancer
Another fungal disease, the symptoms of which are expressed in the appearance of black spots on the bark of sea buckthorn trees. After some time, the bark scatters, exposing the black wood. Ulcers form at the site of the merged spots, sea buckthorn stops growing.
Black cancer can be defeated if you clean the diseased area. Then the stripped trunk should be treated with a mixture of mullein, clay and copper sulphate.
Fruit rot
Sea buckthorn berries are affected by a fungus that has a detrimental effect on the harvest. Lightened fruits cease to be elastic, spore carriers appear on their surface - white pillows. After that, the berries turn black and mummified.
The remaining mummified fruits of sea buckthorn become carriers of infection. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the diseased tree from the blackened berries and spray with a Bordeaux mixture of 1% concentration.
Pests of sea buckthorn and the fight against them
Sea buckthorn is susceptible to attacks by many pests. Some of them are able to exterminate the plant, others are dangerous only during mass reproduction, and others are on the verge of extinction and are listed in the Red Book. More than 70 species of pests have been identified, including insects, mammals, ticks and birds.
Sorrel bug
An insect called "fringed edge" reaches a length of 2 cm, it is brown in color, so it is difficult to see it on the ground. Larvae from an adult insect differ only in size.
In winter, bugs live under the leaves, the rest of the time they feed on juice from buds, leaves, young shoots. Eaten patches or empty islets appear on the leaves of sea buckthorn. Damaged leaves change color, the ovaries twist, and the plant itself loses its resistance to frost.
If you notice a sorrel bug, measures should be taken immediately, since the insect multiplies quickly and is dangerous in large numbers. To combat the pest, insecticides are used: Thunder, Fufanon, Karbofos.
Sea Buckthorn Moth
In August, gray-green butterflies lay eggs, from which caterpillars appear in late spring. Young caterpillars eat the kidneys, and adults create nests in the upper leaves. To do this, they pull together a few leaves with a web and eat them. In the fall, the caterpillars make cocoons wrapped in cobwebs in the upper layers of the soil and in the root of the plant.
Destroying the shoot growth point slows the growth of sea buckthorn and causes it to dry out. The plant becomes weak. The yield and quality of the fruit are reduced.
A popular and effective way to combat sea buckthorn moth is spraying with a solution of Chlorofos 0.6% concentration. Sea buckthorn is also treated during bud break with 0.3% Metaphos solution and 1% Entobacterin suspension.
Sea buckthorn honeydew
Jumping insect with light green or light brown color, 3 mm long. The sucker larvae settle in the buds, later they attach to the underside of the leaf. Pests feed on leaf juice until late summer, after which they lay their eggs.
Traces of the insect can be found by examining the leaves of sea buckthorn. They curl up into a tube and turn yellow. Copperhead is a tenacious insect that can harm sea buckthorn bushes all year round. Therefore, it is important to spray the plant in spring and summer with preparations: Actellik, Fufanon and Kinmiks.
Sea buckthorn aphid
Aphid is a small green insect with red eyes that lays eggs in the cracks of the bark. During budding, larvae hatch from eggs and continue to live in the kidneys and eat juice and young leaves. Later, the larvae develop wings, they turn into females capable of flying from bush to bush.
Insects are easy to spot, they cover the entire inner surface of the sea buckthorn leaves, and are tightly attached to the trunks and branches of young shoots. Deprived of nutrition, the leaves turn yellow, curl up to the central vein and gradually dry. Plant growth slows down.
In the absence of treatment, sticky discharge appears on the sea buckthorn, leading to the formation of a sooty fungus, and the bush itself turns black. They get rid of aphids with folk remedies, for example, use a decoction of tobacco leaves, an infusion of garlic and soap suds. Insecticides are also used: Spark DE, Commander, Actara.
Moth
A large brown caterpillar, reaching 6 cm in length, with yellow warts on the body. This type of pest appears during the blooming of leaves and feeds on them until autumn. Up to 60-80 individuals are able to settle on one bush.
The moths are hard to spot and are easily mistaken for a knot due to their brown color. To detect them, periodically inspect the leaf cover. Damaged leaves and a bare crown are signs of a pest - moths on your site. In advanced cases, the yield of sea buckthorn and the frost resistance of the plant decrease.
To get rid of the brown moth, the plantings are sprayed with insecticides, among which Akarin, Bitoxibacillin, Fitoverm, Kinmiks are popular. For opponents of chemistry, broths of tomato tops, bitter pepper or wormwood are suitable.
The effectiveness of folk remedies is 30-40% lower than chemical and once processing will not be enough.
Gall mite
It is a small, milky 0.25 mm insect. In winter, adults spend in the sinuses of the kidneys. Starting from May, mites settle in the buds, then move to the leaves. Eating buds and leaves, gall mites breed all summer.
A sign of the appearance of this type of pest is swelling on the leaves, under which ticks are hiding. These protrusions are called "galls". In the absence of a fight against ticks, the sea buckthorn leaves fall off ahead of time and the tree dies.
Bushes are processed 4-5 weeks before the berries ripen. To do this, take Fitoverm, the efficiency of which is 100%, solutions of Karbofos or Nitrofen destroy up to 80% of pests.
Spider mite
A polyphagous insect, very small in size, which is almost impossible to notice with the naked eye. There are different colors from milky to brown. First, mites settle on the lower part of the sea buckthorn leaves, and then move to other parts of the plant.
The mite settles inside the leaf plate and feeds on the sap of the leaves. To recognize that this pest has settled on a plant, small light dots on the leaves will help. When the number of insects increases on the leaves, spider webs can be seen.
Acaricides are considered the most effective in getting rid of spider mites. In the spring, the plant is sprayed with Metaphos, Methylparathion and Karbofos. If the mites continue to appear, and the foxes wither and die, repeat spraying after 2 weeks. To destroy the larvae, spraying is carried out three times.
To make the treatment more effective, the drugs alternate, otherwise the spider mite develops resistance to the drug. After flowering, sea buckthorn can be treated with Chlorophos.
Sea buckthorn fly
Almost all summer, during the ovary period, flies fly, during which they manage to lay eggs under the skin of the berries. After, the hatched larvae feed on the juice and pulp of the fruit, leaving only the film. 3 weeks after hatching, they descend into the root zone, where they pupate and winter.
The sea buckthorn fly lives for a long time, up to 50 days, and just like the larva feeds on the juice of sea buckthorn berries. The larvae of this insect are able to destroy up to 90% of the crop, which becomes shriveled, darkens and dries up.
Various factors help in the fight against this pest:
- Chemical means of protection, namely 0.3% solutions of Karbofos, Metaphos, and solutions of Methylnitrophos, Chlorophos 0.2% concentration.
- Riding beetles that feed on sea buckthorn flies are capable of destroying half of the cocoons of this pest.
- Cold and rainy weather conditions, due to which the pupae of the flies remain to winter in the second year.
Omnivorous bbw leafworm
These are green caterpillars with a brown head, the length of which reaches 1.5 cm. Pests feed on sea buckthorn leaves, folding several pieces into a tube using a web. Older caterpillars eat the tops of the shoots, preferring young sea buckthorn bushes.
Damage caused by a small number of pests does not reach 1%, with a large population, crop losses reach 30%. Sometimes it is possible to develop 3 generations. To destroy pests, plantings are sprayed with insecticides. Popular drugs: Fufanon, Actellik, Kinmiks.
Protection measures for sea buckthorn from pests
To protect sea buckthorn from pests, it is necessary to observe the agricultural technique of growing this crop, thin out dense plantations, remove fallen leaves, and carry out preventive spraying twice a year.
Do not forget that sea buckthorn is a photophilous plant, remove dried branches and leaves so that excess moisture does not accumulate at the roots. It is recommended to strengthen the soil with sand or peat.
Old varieties of sea buckthorn are mainly susceptible to diseases. Therefore, for planting, choose recently bred shrubs that are slightly susceptible to infections. Carry out constant monitoring of plants for the presence of parasites, it will allow you to identify pests in time, and the right treatment will save your garden.