"Delight" is one of the most popular varieties among Russian winegrowers. It is appreciated for the taste of berries and the beauty of white bunches, for its productivity and unpretentiousness, and most importantly for its ability to endure the harsh Russian winters.
When and by whom was the variety bred?
Hybrid grapes "Delight" was bred by Russian breeders at the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking ME AND. Potapenko. Breeding work began in the 60s of the last century. The new variety was obtained by crossing the Zarya Severa with Dolores, and then with the Russian early grapes.
The hybrid was introduced in the State Register in 1992, and received the status of a variety. The creators of Rapture are breeders I. Kostrykin, Y. Potapenko, A. Skripnikova.
Description of grapes
Botanical description of Rapture grapes:
- Bushes. Vigorous and sprawling, with powerful shoots. During the year the vine grows 2-2.5 m. The leaves are medium-sized, with jagged edges, light green, shaped like a heart. The flowers are bisexual.
- The bunch Large, moderately dense, varying in shape and size. There are conical, cylindrical, shapeless. Weight - from 0.5 to 2 kg.
- Fruit. Different sizes, oval-rounded. Size - 2.4x2.7 cm. Weight - 6-7 g. Color - depends on the variety (white, black, red). The skin is moderately dense.
- The roots Powerful root system. The direction of the roots is vertical. They grow up to 2 m in depth.
What characteristics does Delight have?
Grapes "Delight" is considered one of the best varieties grown in Russia. The reason for this is the high marketability and excellent agrotechnical characteristics.
Taste and marketability
The bunches are highly marketable - they are beautiful in appearance, retain their shape, do not wrinkle or deteriorate on the road. The brushes are moderately dense, so the berries do not choke or deform each other.
The taste of berries is harmonious, the flesh pleasantly crunches. There is a lot of sugar in the fruits - 19-26%. The acidity is small - 5-9 g / l. Moderately dense skin, without deteriorating taste, has a positive effect on the transportation of goods.
Productivity
"Delight" refers to high-yielding varieties - up to 120 centners of grapes are harvested from one hectare. Productivity is responsive to watering and feeding - they affect the quality and quantity of the crop.
Bushes are productive - they account for about 80% of fruiting shoots, each of which accounts for 1.6 clusters.
Application
It is a white nutmeg variety. Refers to the dining group. Possessing high palatability, it is intended for fresh consumption.
Berries are not only tasty, but also healthy - they have a lot of antioxidants and iron. They are used to make juices, jams, wines.
Ripening time
The variety is early ripe - the fruits ripen in 110-120 days. The exact ripening time depends on the growing region. In the south, the bunches are ready at the end of July, in more northern regions - by mid-August.
Disease and pest resistance
The variety satisfactorily resists the most dangerous grape diseases - gray rot, oidium, mildew. "Delight" is resistant to any kind of fungi, but like other grape varieties, it cannot do without preventive spraying.
The variety is helpless in front of phylloxera. This insect was imported from America. Areas infected with phylloxera have not been used for grape planting for 20 years. Vaccination on a rootstock resistant to phylloxera - for example, "Riparia Kober 5BB" and "Berlandieri", helps to escape from the overseas misfortune.
There is no effective fight against phylloxera - if the insect starts up, the bushes must be uprooted and destroyed.
Frost resistance
The variety is appreciated for its relatively high frost resistance. Bushes, even without warming, tolerate frosts up to -25 ° C, without losing productivity. The variety tolerates severe winters well, it is safely cultivated in central Russia, in the Urals, in Siberia, in the Far East.
Drought tolerance
The variety tolerates drought well. The short absence of watering is not critical to crop formation.
Varieties of varieties
Breeders, inspired by the excellent agrotechnical characteristics of Delight, bred several of its varieties, differing in the appearance and taste of the fruits.
On its basis, dozens of varieties were created - Ecstasy, Elegant, Kesha, Sasha and many others. But only 6 varieties in the name were left with the name of the progenitor. Let's take a closer look at the Delight grape varieties.
Muscat
Super early table variety. Ripens in 105-110 days. Fruiting - for 2-3 years of planting. The ripening period in the middle lane is the beginning of August. The clusters are conical or shapeless, dense, weight - 0.4-1 kg. One shoot has 2 clusters.
The berries are round, white, fully ripened, become amber. Weight - 7 g. On the palate - a nutmeg aftertaste. Sugar content - up to 25%. Resistant to fungi, affected by anthracnose, chlorosis and phylloxera.
The black
Known as the "Black Baron". Needs pollinators - it only has female flowers. Early maturing, ripening period - 109-125 days. Bears fruit for 2-3 years of planting. The bunches are large and dense, weighing 0.8-2.5 kg. Productivity - up to 250 kg / ha.
The fruits are large, weigh 7-12 g. Color - dark blue, to black. The shape is rounded, slightly elongated. Resistant to phylloxera, mildew, oidium. It is affected by gray rot. Sugar content - up to 26%.
White
Vegetation - 115 days, productivity - 120 kg / ha. Ripening - mid-August-late September. Berries weight 5-7 g. White and white-green fruits have a golden hue on the sunny side. Fruits are oval or round, sweet, juicy. Sugar content - 25%. It is affected by phylloxera.
Red
Ripening occurs 120-130 days after flowering. The flowers are only female. Bisexual varieties are required nearby. The bunches are loose, conical, weight - 0.55-0.8 kg. The maximum is 1.5 kg. The shape of the berries is oval or nipple. Pink colour. Weight - 6-8 g. Juicy, tasty, fleshy. Sugar content - up to 23%. Resistant to mildew, oidium, gray rot.
An overview of the Red Delight variety is presented in the video below:
Ideal
White table variety. Productivity - 120 kg / ha. Bunches of sharp-conical shape, sometimes with pterygoid branches. Weight - 1-1.5 kg, on large bushes - up to 2.5 kg. The berries have one small bone. Oval-round or nipple-shaped. Weight - 5-6.5 g. Juicy, crispy pulp. Sugar content - up to 19%. It is affected by phylloxera. Resistant to mildew and gray mold.
Baklanovsky (oval)
Ripens 115-125 days after bud break. The bunches are large, conical, dense, weight - 0.65-0.9 kg. Fruits are oval or nipple-shaped, large, white, weighing 6-7 g. In the sun they acquire a golden tan. Resistant to mildew, gray mold and powdery mildew. Almost not damaged by wasps.
The review presents the grape variety "Delight oval":
Advantages and disadvantages of Rapture
Advantages of Delight grapes:
- high productivity;
- large clusters;
- rapid growth of vegetative mass;
- moderate immunity to major grape diseases;
- high frost resistance;
- pleasant taste and aroma of muscat;
- fruits, when ripe, remain on the bushes for 1-1.5 months;
- well transported and stored;
- propagated by cuttings - satisfactory rooting;
- many fruiting shoots;
- the possibility of decorative use.
Disadvantages:
- the variety is affected by phylloxera;
- bushes tend to be overloaded with crops - normalization of bunches is necessary.
Landing features
To give the grapes a good start, it is important to correctly plant it. First, they select a suitable site, prepare the soil and planting material, and only then plant the seedlings - in full compliance with the planting technique.
What are the starting dates for planting operations?
Planting of seedlings is carried out:
- Autumn. Experienced growers believe that planting in the fall is more suitable for this frost-resistant variety. In autumn, you can both plant seedlings with the root system, and plant grafts. Young growth tolerates its first winter well with additional shelter.
- In the spring. With such a planting, the seedling manages to take root and strengthen well before the onset of winter. But in this case, you have to take care of the seedlings immediately after planting - regular watering is especially important.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
Optimal conditions for the site:
- south or southwest side of the site;
- there should be no shading by buildings or plantings;
- lack of drafts and northern blowing winds;
- soil - black earth or loose loam;
- groundwater level - from 2.5 m.
Wetlands and places where cold air stagnates are categorically not suitable.
The soil, within two years before planting, is regularly fertilized with organic and mineral top dressing. A plot intended for planting grapes is prepared in advance. For spring planting, it is advisable to prepare the soil and pits in the fall. For autumn planting - a few weeks before the process.
First, the site is cleaned of weeds, bumps are leveled, and rotted manure is scattered. The thickness of the manure layer is 10 cm. The soil is dug up 70-80 cm deep. If the soils are acidic, they are deoxidized with wood ash; if heavy clay soils, they make sand.
Selection and preparation of seedlings
It is recommended to buy seedlings in specialized nurseries - this reduces the risk of infection of the planting material with fungal and viral diseases.
Choosing seedlings, pay attention to such signs:
- roots - fresh and firm;
- root cut - white;
- the cut of the top is green.
Before planting, the roots of the seedling are kept for several hours in a solution of Heteroauxin (200 ml per 1 liter of water).
Step-by-step instructions for landing
The order of planting seedlings:
- Dig holes for planting, maintaining an appropriate interval between them. The planting scheme depends on the size of the seedlings. Medium-sized ones are planted at an interval of 4 m, 6 m are left between the vigorous ones. Dig holes in the form of a cube with a side of 80 cm.
- Pour drainage to the bottom - pebbles, rubble, broken brick. Install the drainage pipe and support for the seedling.
- Pour a bag of humus to the bottom of the pit, add superphosphate wood ash and a mixture of fertile soil with sand there. The seedling roots should not touch the fertilizer.
- Place the roots of the seedling on fertile soil, spread them evenly in all directions. Place the seedling so that its root neck is 3-4 meters above the ground.
- Fill the roots with fertile soil, tamp tightly - so that there are no voids.
- Pour a few buckets of water at room temperature under the root. Mulch the trunk circle with peat or humus.
Care after landing
Immediately after planting, the seedlings are watered abundantly, and after that, they often do not need to be moistened. Watering through a drain pipe is usually sufficient.
The soil around the seedling is mulched after each watering to conserve moisture. Top dressing in the first year of grapes will not be needed - the fertilizers applied during planting will be enough for just a couple of years of active growth.
Vaccination Features
Inoculate cuttings with 2-3 eyes. Planting material is picked up healthy, dry, with a green cut. So that the cuttings retain moisture, their upper part is covered with paraffin - dipped for a few seconds in melted paraffin.
For better engraftment, the lower part of the handle - the one that is to be lowered into a split on the stock, is cut off on both sides. Before inoculation, this end of the stem is kept for a day or two in water. It is useful to immerse the cut part of the cuttings in a solution of "Humate" - a stimulator of root growth.
Stock preparation:
- The stock will serve as an old grape bush. Cut it, leaving a stump 10 cm high.
- Strip the hemp surface.
- Split the stump - prepare the slot for inserting the cutting. Do not split the stump deeply to avoid damaging the rootstock. If the width of the stem allows, several splits can be made in it - for several cuttings.
- Place the stalk in the split and clamp it firmly. Coat the graft site with clay. Strong clamp increases the chances of engraftment.
- Dig in a support for the bush near the stock. Water abundantly and mulch the soil.
Care of freshly grafted grapes
Features of caring for a grafted bush:
- Loosening the soil to improve soil aeration and survival of cuttings. The grafting in the split of the stem should not be covered with soil at the junction of the scion with the stock.
- After 15-20 days, the inoculation is checked - if there are no shoots, the procedure is repeated, cutting off the stock below the split.
- Every two weeks they check how the fusion process is going. The roots that will protrude - not grow in the stock, must be cut off. If this is not done, the roots will grow into the ground. In fact, it will land in the soil, not a vaccine.
If the vaccination was done in the fall, then before frost, the scion with the stock is covered with spruce branches or dry grass.
With the right vaccination, the crop on a new bush will appear in 1-2 years.
Agrotechnical features during the growing period
Delight is not a demanding or capricious variety. To get a full-fledged crop, it is enough to follow the simple agricultural technology of cultivation.
Watering
The Delight variety does not need abundant moisture. Moreover, it easily copes with droughts. The irrigation rate depends on the weather, the age of the bushes, and the permeability of the soil. The average irrigation rate for one seedling is 10-15 liters.
Sample irrigation schedule:
- early spring;
- before blooming flowers;
- during the ripening of bunches;
- at the end of October - moisture charging irrigation.
The frequency of watering depends on the weather and the growing season. Plants will need additional watering around June - before and after flowering. Watering should be stopped 2-3 weeks before harvesting.
Top dressing
In the second year of life, young grapes should be fed. Variety Delight is responsive to fertilizers - they affect its productivity.
The feeding order is presented in the table:
Period | Composition and norms |
Spring. Before flowering. | Fertilizers are applied before flowering, when the bush begins to grow intensively. Nitrofoska (50 g) and boric acid (0.4 g) are dissolved in 10 l of water. Thanks to this composition, the ovaries and inflorescences are strengthened, their shedding is prevented. |
2-2.5 weeks after the first | Composition - similar to the first top dressing. |
Before fruit ripening | In a bucket of water, nitrophoska (25 g) and potassium salt (1 tablespoon) and potassium salt (1 tablespoon) are dissolved. Potash mineral fertilizers can be replaced with wood ash. |
Dry fertilizers cannot be applied to the soil - the root system can get burned.
Pruning
Bushes of Delight grapes are vigorous, require short pruning. Delight, like other table varieties, bears fruit mainly in the lower part of the vine. In Delight, unlike other varieties, they leave not 1-2 eyes, but 3-4. This move takes into account the possible death of the vine in the winter.
Pruning principles:
- No more than 45 eyes are left on the bush.
- Before flowering, the tops of the shoots are pinched.
- 20-25 shoots are left on one bush
Pest control
The variety is characterized by medium resistance to the main diseases of grapes - mildew and oidium. But the main danger to Delight is represented by pests - aphid grape and phylloxera. The variety needs mandatory preventive spraying.
Rapture grape pest control principles:
- The best remedy for powdery mildew (powdery mildew) is treatment with sulfur vapor. It is recommended to spray bushes with sulfur in warm and dry weather. Powdery is especially dangerous in hot years, when summer temperatures rise to + 30 ° C.
- To prevent powdery mildew, remove excess leaves and shoots - the bushes should be well ventilated.
- All aerial parts that show signs of powdery mildew are immediately cut off and destroyed.
- They fight phylloxera by spraying the bushes with Lindane (insecticide) or carbon disulfide. Slaughter dose of carbon disulfide - 300-400 cubic meters.cm per 1 sq. m. But even for a bush, such a dose is harmful, so they take 70-90 cubic meters. cm.
- Leaf rollers are fought with insecticide sprays.
- Sticky baits are installed against the wasps, and the bunches are covered with mesh bags.
Wintering
Delight is a frost-resistant variety. He belongs to the non-covering group. But you should not risk young seedlings - in the first winter they need to be covered. Especially if they are planted in the fall.
A vessel-shaped structure is made over the seedlings. They cover it with sand, and cover it with spruce branches and moss from above. If the seedlings can be bent, then the vine is fixed at the ground with brackets. They are covered with spruce, peat, moss, straw from above. Snow is thrown over the shelter.
When to harvest and how to store the crop?
Bunches are removed around August. In central Russia, harvesting takes place around August 15-18. The exact harvest time depends on the region of cultivation and on the subtype of Rapture.
Bunches can be laid for long-term storage. These grapes are stored in the refrigerator for 1.5 months.
Reviews grapes Delight
Perechnikov V.I., Tula region I have been growing enthusiasm for about 15 years. This variety never fails me - it ripens under any circumstances. I have never seen him sick with mildew. Twice I experienced spring frosts, many varieties were affected, and Delight at least. I cover for the winter - I do not risk my favorite variety.
Elena P., Moscow region. Delight is a hardy variety with delicious fruits. Berries are sweet regardless of summer weather. The variety is frost-resistant, but if it is frozen, it is difficult to recover. Therefore, for the winter I shelter him - I make a primitive shelter from a spunbond.
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Breeders, giving the name to the new grape variety, must have relied on rave reviews from amateur gardeners and professional growers. And they were not mistaken - the Delight grapes are rightfully considered one of the best domestic varieties - delicious, hardy, winter-hardy.
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