One of the favorite and most recognizable mushrooms is the boletus. Its bright hat in color resembles autumn foliage and can be any shade from beige to bright red. Such a mushroom is easy to find among green grass. But it is important to know that there are several varieties of aspen mushrooms, including the false aspen mushroom. This is not some kind of independent mushroom culture, but several representatives.
Varieties of False Boletus
False specimens of boletus were met by many collectors, even experienced ones. As such, the mushroom does not have a double. What can I confuse with an edible aspen?
- Mustard or bile fungus.
- Pepper mushroom.
Both resemble boletus in appearance, but are not suitable for food due to the terrible taste.
Gall mushroom
The gall fungus is called the double of several representatives of the flight. It can be taken not only for boletus, but also for boletus or boletus (it is more similar to it). The color of the hat varies from tan to dark brown. Leg light (yellow, creamy ocher). The mesh pattern on the leg is also present and pronounced, strips of brown and even black. The tubular layer of mustard is pinkish. If you cut the flesh, it immediately turns pink.
Gall mushroom grows in pine, deciduous forests, existing in symbiosis with deciduous and coniferous trees. He prefers fertile acidic soils, fertilized with needles, can grow on tree roots or rotten stumps, just like a red-headed. Gorchak bears fruit at the same time with him - from June to October. Such mushrooms are found alone or in small colonies.
Gall - conditionally edible mushroom. It is not taken for food because of the terrible taste (bitter), which even after heat treatment (boiling, frying) does not disappear. Just one copy can spoil the whole dish. Only a little bitterness can be mitigated by using vinegar and lots of spices. If, by mistake, instead of aspen, the mustard gets into the basket, the trip for mushrooms can be considered a failure. The mushroom picker should be careful and careful when considering a forest trophy.
Bile mushroom has the following features that are not characteristic of the boletus. They are worth paying attention to:
- Outwardly, he is always attractive. Neither worms, nor slugs, nor other insects pay attention to him because of the repulsive composition. Boletuses at least sometimes, but worms.
- If you taste its flesh, you will immediately feel a strong burning sensation.
Bile fungus contains toxins, excessive consumption of which can harm the liver. In some cases, even after eating one mustard, a person feels dizzy, nauseous, weak. These are signs of poisoning. For culinary purposes, the bile fungus is not used, therefore, having found such a "boletus" in the forest, it is advisable to avoid it.
Pepper mushroom
The tubular mushroom of the family of the flying species is sometimes referred to the genus of oilers, sometimes it is ranked as moss fly. It is not easy to confuse it with the boletus due to the difference in the structure of the leg (the pepper is thinner), but the appearance (round-convex) and the color of the hat are similar. The color ranges from copper red to dark rust. The hat is smooth and velvety to the touch.
In our country, the pepper leaf grows from July to October, chooses dry forests with small herbs, most often settles under birches, spruces and pines. There is even an opinion that the pepper parasitizes on a red fly agaric. The habitat is similar to boletus, both representatives of mushroom cultures grow in the same places, so the risk of confusing mushrooms remains.
The opinion about the edibility of pepper mushroom is shared. Some scientific sources assure the safety of eating it. Only the taste of hot pepper scares off the mushroom picker. Western biologists and chemists hold a different belief: the mushroom pulp contains toxins that can accumulate in the body and destroy the structure of liver cells. Possible complications due to the ingestion of pepper fungus are the development of liver cancer and cirrhosis.
In our country, this double boletus is considered to be a conditionally edible mushroom. After a long cooking, its pungent taste weakens, but still they try to avoid it.
How to distinguish a real boletus from a false boletus?
With some knowledge and experience, one can easily learn to separate good specimens of mushrooms from bad ones. To do this, you need to know the characteristic features of the boletus and its differences from false mushrooms:
- As a result, the aspen flesh turns blue, blackens or remains white. False becomes pinkish, reddish hues.
- If you try the flesh of a good boletus to taste, there will be neither burning nor bitterness. This is what pepper and gall mushrooms are famous for.
- The leg of a real boletus is strong, high and bright with characteristic gray scales. False has a red mesh or yellowish. The pepper mushroom has a leg that is too thin for a classic boletus.
What does an edible boletus look like?
The common group of aspen boletus combines several types of mushrooms of the genus Obabok (leccinum), which are distinguished by a bright appearance, namely a strong light leg and a bright hat. Boletuses change depending on age, area and conditions in which they grow, and this misleads the fans of "silent hunting". There is a risk of confusing edible redheads with their counterparts.
The following types of edible boletus are called:
- Red. The classic look of aspen. His hat is bright red, ginger, less often yellow-red (if the mushroom grows in mixed forests) and a grayish tint (if grows under poplars). The diameter of the cap is 4-15 cm. The leg is dense, white with longitudinal fibrous scales. Spores are fusiform, have a brown tint.
- Oak. Outwardly, it is not much different from red boletus. The skin of the hat is chestnut brown, the scales of the legs are reddish-brown. It forms a symbiosis with oaks, grows in the forests of the northern temperate zone.
- Yellow-brown or multi-skinned. It forms mycorrhiza with birch, grows in mixed forests, pine trees. Hats in young specimens have the shape of a hemisphere, then become cushion-shaped. Their shade: yellow-brown or brown-orange.
- White. One of the most unusual types of aspen. His leg and hat are creamy, almost white. The hat may have a pink, brownish or blue-greenish tint, slightly yellowing with age. The leg below sometimes acquires a bluish color. Mushroom grows in moist forests.
- Painted foot. It differs from its counterparts in a more convex wide hat and a special - pinkish - color of scaly legs. The tubular layer may also have a pink tint. It occurs in dry oak and oak-pine forests, under birches.
Red boletus
Oak boletus
Yellow brown boletus
White boletus
Painted foot boletus
Due to the varied color, for a boletus, you can take another mushroom, similar to it in appearance. In the best case, the red-headed can be confused with other representatives of the genus boletus - boletus, whites, and duvet. Sometimes they deviate from their classic version, and are not like themselves. If we are talking about flying, this does not pose a danger, since they are all edible, although the oak tree needs heat treatment.
Reviews about collecting boletus
Marinka, 42 years old. Inveterate mushroom picker. I adore boletus! This is my favorite mushroom! During a trip to Karelia in July 2017, we got to the very peak of mushroom picking and mowed redheads without leaving the camp. I haven’t found so many mushrooms in my life! Could even in the evening (after 21:00) go out into the forest and pick up a basket, fortunately, aspen trees are clearly visible on the green carpet of moss. Wormy specimens were extremely rare. From boletus boiled soup, fried with potatoes, several cans were taken with them. Perfect mushrooms!
yana86, 32 years old, Voronezh. Every year, at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, I come to the country to collect mushrooms. My sister and I go to our favorite place, to a birch grove, where there is a lot of tall grass and moisture. Mostly aspen mushrooms are found there - delicious mushrooms that are easy to find. Among them we came across false specimens that were bitter. If you break off the hat and try the pulp on the tongue, it will immediately become clear what is wrong. We just threw such mushrooms out of the whole basket of 2-3 pieces.
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Knowing how to distinguish real aspen trees - regardless of the color of their hats, legs and place of growth - any mushroom picker will be able to get a really valuable trophy in the forest, and not a mushroom with dubious taste, which can also cause harm to health. Knowing how a good mushroom should and should not look, a fan of the “silent hunt” will not make a mistake.
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