For the Moscow region there are many good varieties of apple trees, characterized by high productivity, resistance to diseases and pests. The article considers early ripening, mid-ripening and late ripening varieties that attract gardeners with their unpretentiousness in care.
Summer apple trees
Summer varieties of apples are popular in that you can enjoy juicy fruits in the summer, filling the body with useful vitamins. Varieties are ideal for planting in the suburbs - they are unpretentious in care and are characterized by good yield indicators.
Melba
The variety was bred at the end of the 19th century in Ottawa. An apple tree appeared with free pollination of Macintosh seeds. The name was given to the variety in honor of the famous opera singer Nelly Melba.
Up to three years, the tree has a straight trunk and vertically arranged shoots. Cherry bark. In an adult plant, the crown becomes rounded, sprawling. The leaves are elongated, convex, light green in color. Fruits weigh from 120 to 160 g. Apples are rounded conical or round. The peel is dense, smooth, green, then light yellow. The pulp is dense, white, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour. The aroma is caramel.
Melba is a quick-growing variety, the fruiting of which begins 3-5 years after planting. On average, 80-100 kg of fruits are harvested from one adult tree.
Grushovka Moscow
This variety was obtained naturally. The existence of the variety lasts for two hundred years. The famous scientist A.T. Bolotov in 1797 described in detail the characteristics of the variety in scientific work.
The trees are spreading, their height sometimes reaches seven meters. In a young tree, the crown has a conical shape; in an adult plant, it is spherical. The bark of the tree is yellow-orange. Apples are small, weigh about 70 g, occasionally the weight of one fruit can reach up to 120 g. Ribbed surface, thin peel of a green hue with technical ripeness, yellow - at the time of full ripening. Juicy, snow-white pulp with a sweet and sour taste and pleasant aroma.
With good care, the tree lives about 60 years. The fruits begin to ripen for 5 years after planting a seedling in the ground. Harvested in late July or early August. One adult tree can produce from 1 to 2 tons of crops.
Arcadik
An early summer variety bred by breeder V.V. Kichina. The work was carried out at the All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery. When breeding, they used the old Russian variety Arcade yellow summer and the American donor SR0523.
The tree is tall, reaches up to 10 meters. Crohn rounded, slightly narrow closer to the top. Shoots of a red shade. The leaves are medium, elongated, oval, green, matte surface. Fruits are large, weigh about 350 g. Apples of the correct roundish-oblong shape with juicy, oily, fine-grained pulp and thin peel of light green color. Taste with a slight acidity, pronounced aroma.
Fruiting occurs in the third year. Harvested in mid-August. On average, up to 200 kg of fruits are obtained from one tree.
Lungwort
Breeder S.I. Isaev managed to develop a unique summer variety. Work on the crossing of two varieties of apple trees (Cinnamon striped and Wesley) was carried out in the 30s of the last century. Medunitsa received only the best qualities from its "parents".
The plant reaches a height of 4-5 meters. The tree has a wide, powerful crown, oval, elongated leaves of a dark green color. The fruits are rounded, slightly flattened, medium, one weighs 100-150 g. Apples are covered with a dense yellow-green peel, a blush is visible from the sunny side. Light cream pulp juicy and sweet, dense. The taste is good, the aroma is delicate.
Fruiting begins in the third year after planting a seedling. Ripening occurs in late August. Gardeners receive up to 180 kg of ripe fruits from one tree. Lungwort attracts increased resistance to scab. This is a frost resistant variety.
Apple saved
The variety was bred in 2004 by the specialists of the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection of Fruit Crops. Obtained Apple saved by polyploidy.
Trees grow tall, have a powerful crown of rounded shape. The trunk of the tree is smooth, the leaves are pointed, dull, green. The fruits are large, weigh about 210 g. The peel is yellow in color with a slight green tint. From one side there is a red vertical strip. The peel is dense and smooth. Light flesh with a greenish tint, juicy, medium density.
This is a quick summer variety, yielding a crop in the early to mid-August. Ripening dates and harvesting depend on the region of growth. In some areas, fruits are harvested in early September.
Orlinka
Three breeders (E. Sedov, N. Krasov, Z. Serov) who crossed the American apple Stark Erlies Prekos and the Russian variety First Salute managed to breed this summer variety. In 2001, the variety entered the State Register of Russia.
The tree is tall, reaches up to 5 m in height. The crown is round, the leaves are large, dark green in color. The fruits are medium and large, can weigh from 120 to 200 g. Apples are round in shape, slightly flattened. The peel is yellow-green, during full maturity it turns yellow with red stripes. Subcutaneous dots present. Soft creamy pulp is dense, coarse-grained, juicy and aromatic. The taste is more sweet, but acid is noticeable.
The first crop is harvested in the second year after planting. By the age of 4 years, the plant bears fruit abundantly, bring from 20 to 40 kg of fruit. From a ten-year-old plant, up to 160 kg of fruits are obtained.
Miraculous
The breeder M. A. Mazunin, who crossed the German apple tree Eliza Ratke and the Russian Ural winter variety, worked on the cultivation of the variety.
The plant is dwarf, in adulthood it reaches 1.5-2 m in height. The crown is wide, branched. The shoots have an arched shape, green in color. The fruits are medium and large, weigh from 120 to 200 g, sometimes there are specimens with a mass of about 400 g. Apples are round, slightly flattened. The peel is yellow-green with a bright red blush. Subtle subcutaneous dots are present. The pulp is white, fine-grained, crunchy, juicy.
This is a late summer high-yielding variety that begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. Harvesting occurs in early August and lasts until the end of the month. From one adult tree, up to 80 kg of fruits are harvested.
Delight
The cultivation of the variety was done by the famous breeder S. Isaev. When breeding, cultural and wild apple varieties were crossed. A positive result was achieved in 1961. The variety tolerates cold well, rarely affected by scab.
The medium-sized plant does not exceed 3-4 meters in height; it looks like a bonsai tree. In the first years after planting, the crown is inherent in a round shape, as the plant grows older, it becomes oval. The weight of large fruits reaches up to 170 g. Apples have a green peel, a bright raspberry blush is visible on it. There are subtle subcutaneous points. The white pulp is sweet, with a light raspberry flavor and delicate aroma.
Harvesting begins in late August or early September. Harvest tree gives 4-5 years after planting. On average, from one adult plants receive from 60 to 80 kg of ripe fruit.
Papier
For the first time, Papirovka apple trees were discovered in the Baltic states at the beginning of the 19th century. It is believed that the variety was obtained as a result of natural pollination. The variety was described in detail by such breeders: S. P. Kedrin, M. Rytov, S. F. Chernenko.
The plant is stunted, has a triangular crown, which becomes rounded with age. Brown shoots. The leaves are medium, oval, gray-green. The fruits are medium-sized, weigh about 100 g. Apples are rounded, sometimes conical. The peel is green-yellow. The pulp is white, loose, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour.
The fruiting plant enters for 5-6 years. Harvesting is carried out in late July and early August. On average, up to 50 kg of fruits are obtained from one tree.
Winter varieties of apples
Winter apple varieties are good not only because the fruits ripen in winter, but also because the fruits are resistant to severe frosts, do not deteriorate during storage for several months, and are rarely exposed to diseases.
Hero
The breeder S. Chernenko, who crossed the Antonovka variety and the Renet Landsbergsky variety, was engaged in the cultivation of the variety. Late winter variety Bogatyr is considered one of the most productive and high-yielding.
Plant height can reach seven meters. Crohn thinned, spreading. The plant has dark green oval leaves. Flat-round fruits with a wide base grow on a tree, their weight reaches 200 g. The surface is smooth, ribbed, the skin is light green, then it turns yellow with a slight blush. White flesh is fine-grained, juicy, crisp. It smells nice.
The variety begins to bear fruit abundantly by 6-7 year after planting a seedling in the ground. One adult tree produces 55-80 kg of fruit. Fruits fully ripen by mid-October. Shelf life of fruits can last about 4-5 months.
Bolotovskoe
When breeding a variety, the main goal of breeder Sedov Evgeny Nikolaevich was to create a species that would be resistant to scab. In 1977, the breeder managed to get a new unique variety Bolotovskoe, obtained by hybridization of the species Skryzhapelkh 1924.
Elongated, dark green leaves grow on the tree. The plant has an unbroken spherical crown. The plant is medium-sized, grows rapidly. Shoots and branches with smooth brown bark. The fruits are medium in size, one fruit weighs up to 160 g. The peel in the beginning has a light green hue, when fully ripened, a pink blush appears. Pale green pulp, dense, juicy. The aroma is pleasant, pronounced.
Fruiting begins at 7-8 years after planting a seedling in open ground. In mid-September, harvesting begins. About 200 kg of fruit is harvested from one adult tree. Proper storage will ensure long-term preservation of the fruit, until the end of winter.
Welsey
The variety was bred in 1860 in the United States, Minnesota. For work used the seeds of the Siberian apple tree. Wellsie began to grow in Russia from the end of the 19th century.
The trees are medium-sized, reach a height of 4-5 meters. Crohn has a broad, pyramidal shape, with age becomes round. The leaves are small, with a shiny surface, a dark green hue. Fruits are characterized by high consumer qualities. The average weight of one fruit reaches 80-150 g. Apples have a flat-round, regular shape. The peel is smooth, thin, painted in a light yellow shade. There are bright, clearly visible subcutaneous dots. The pulp is white, juicy, dense. The taste is sweet and sour, the aroma is good.
The plant begins bearing fruit for 3-4 years, but the fruits do not ripen annually, but after 1 year. Apples ripen unevenly, because the harvest is carried out twice - in early September and early October. On average, about 200-250 kg of fruit is harvested from one tree per season.
Aphrodite
Aphrodite cultivar was bred in VNIISPK in 1981 from seeds of free pollination of the hybrid form 814. Four breeders worked on the cultivation of the variety - E. Dolmatova, V. V Zhdanov, E. N. Sedov, Z. M. Serova.
The trees are tall, grow fast. They can reach up to 10 meters in height. The crown is thick, has a rounded shape. Brown shoots. An adult tree has a smooth greenish-brown bark. The leaves are medium sized, oblong, dark green in color with a yellowish tinge. The fruits are medium, weigh up to 140 g. The peel is dense, greenish-yellow, smooth. The pulp is dense, white, with pink veins. The taste is sweet and sour.
The plant begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years after planting a seedling in the ground. Harvesting occurs in mid-late September. In a cold room, fruits can be stored until the end of the year. On average, up to 150 kg of apples are harvested from one tree.
Gift to the Count
This variety was bred in 1979 at the breeding and technological institute. The creators were V. Kichin, N. G. Morozov, L. Tulinov, V. Yagunov. The apple tree was obtained by crossing the donor D101 and the Vyaznikovka variety. The name was received in honor of the director of the state farm named after "17 MUD" M. Grafsky.
The tree is a vigorous, bole species, fast-growing. The crown has a pyramidal shape. Bark on the branches of a dark gray hue. Leaves are medium sized, elongated, slightly wavy, dark green in color. The fruits are large, one fruit weighs between 200-350 g. Apples have a round-conical shape, slightly ribbed, not even in size. The peel is dense, the main color is yellow, the integument is violet-red. The pulp is light yellow, sweet and sour, fine-grained, juicy. The aroma is delicate, pleasant.
The plant enters fruiting 4-5 years after planting a seedling in the ground. Fruit ripening occurs at the beginning of October, consumer maturity occurs at the end of the month. On average, up to 250 kg of fruits are obtained from one adult plant.
Autumn varieties of apple trees near Moscow
Many gardeners allocate some good autumn varieties for planting in the suburbs. Fruits ripen in the fall and have a long shelf life without loss of appearance and taste.
Shtrifel
Shtrifel or Autumn striped - a variety whose history of creation is reliably unknown. Presumably, the apple tree came from Germany or Holland via the Baltic.
The plant is powerful, tall, reaches up to 7-8 meters in height. The crown is wide-spreading, domed. The leaves are rounded in dark green. The fruits are medium in size, one fruit weighs 80-110 g. Apples predominate in a round shape, sometimes one-sided specimens are found. The peel is smooth, strong, greenish-yellow or yellow color with a characteristic blush of vertical red stripes. The flesh is yellowish, juicy, sweetish-sour.
The plant enters fruiting 7-8 years after planting. The plant reaches maximum yield indicators only by the age of 15-18.
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
The variety was bred by the famous breeder Michurin I.V., due to which the name was obtained. When crossing used two varieties - Skryzhapel and Bessemyanka Komsinskaya.
The tree is tall, strong, has a powerful rounded crown. The plant is characterized by wrinkled, large leaves with an emerald hue. The fruits are large, weigh about 175 g, dominate by a rounded shape and light ribbing. The peel is yellow with a slight shade of green, there is a raspberry blush. The pulp is soft, tender, juicy. Light wine taste is noticeable.
This is a high-yielding variety that begins to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting a seedling in the ground. Harvesting can begin in mid-September. About 220 kg of fruits are collected from one plant. On average, from the day of picking, apples are stored for 3-3.5 months.
Oryol striped
The variety was bred at VNIISPK by two famous scientists breeders in 1957. T. A, Trofimova and E. Sedov worked on the cross, crossing the apple trees of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya and Mackintosh.
The tree is medium-sized, have an extensive, round crown. Plants are resistant to frost, give good yields. The leaves are round, large, green in color. The fruits are large, one fruit weighs 120-150 g, sometimes reaches 220 g. The shape of the apples is oblong, broad-conical. The main color of the peel is greenish-yellow. When fully ripened, the fruits acquire a yellow tint.
Fruiting occurs 4 years after planting. Trees of 8 years of age produce from 40 to 50 kg of fruit, fifteen-year-old trees are able to produce up to 80 kg of fruit. Crops begin to be harvested in early September. In a cold room, apples can be stored for 4 months.
Sun
To obtain the Sun variety, breeders used seeds from free pollination of the crop of the early 80s of the last century.The first fruits appeared in 1990. The apple trees were cultivated by E. Serov, V. Zhdanov, Z. Serova, E. Dolmatov.
The plant is low, characterized by a rounded crown. Trunks and main branches are covered with smooth red-brown bark. The leaves are egg-shaped, small, dark green in color. The fruits are medium, weigh up to 140 g, have an oblong, slightly beveled shape, broad-ribbed. When removed from a tree, the peel is yellow-green in color, then becomes light yellow with a raspberry blush. The pulp is juicy.
Harvesting takes place in the fall, when the fruits are fully ripe. This period falls on September-October - the fruits are blushed.
Antonovka ordinary
There is no data on how this variety appeared. Some scientists are convinced that Antonovka became an accidental hybrid of a cultivar that appeared naturally from a wild forest apple tree. But most breeders are sure of one thing - the apple tree appeared in the Tula or Kursk region. Krasnoglazov first described in detail the Antonovka variety in 1848.
The tree is characterized by an oval shape of the crown; as the plant grows, it becomes spherical. Young branches and shoots have a brown tint. Elongated, bright green leaves adorn the plant. The apples are medium-sized, weigh up to 160 g. Their peel during the harvesting period has a green-yellow hue. During storage, the fruits turn yellow. The pulp is light, sweet, sourness is very noticeable.
The tree begins to bear fruit by 7-8 year after planting. Full ripening of apples begins in late September or early October. As the plant grows, the yield indicator increases. At the age of 20 years, one tree can produce up to 200 kg of fruit. Storage of fruits is long - 3-4 months.
Saffron Pepin
This variety was bred at the beginning of the 20th century by the famous breeder I. Michurin. In the selection, the variety Renet Orleans and a hybrid of a Chinese woman with a Lithuanian peppermint were used.
The tree is medium-sized, reaches a height of three meters. Crohn is round in shape. The leaves are small, green in color. Fruits are medium or small, average weight is up to 140 g. The peel is dense, smooth. Apples are round-conical or cylindrical in shape. The peel is yellow-green with a dark red blush. The pulp is dense, fragrant, cream color. Apples are sweet and sour, fragrant.
The plant begins bearing fruit in the third year after planting. Dwarf trees begin to bear fruit in the second year. Harvest is good - up to 280 kg of apples can be harvested from one tree. Fruits are stored for a long time; during transportation taste and appearance are not spoiled.
Zhigulevskoe
The breeder S. Kedrin was engaged in the cultivation of the variety. The scientist crossed the American Wagner variety with a variety of Borovinka apple trees, due to which a new autumn variety appeared, which became popular in Russia.
The tree is dominated by a broad-pyramidal or high, rounded crown, which takes on such a shape during fruiting. The plant is medium-sized, does not exceed a height of 4-5 m. The trunks and shoots are dark brown in color. The foliage is thick, the leaf plate is dark green in color. The leaves are characterized by an oblong, ovoid shape, large size. The apples are weighty, the mass of one fruit varies between 120-200 g. The shape of the fruit is round, sometimes broad-ribbed. Light yellow peel is dense and oily, there are subcutaneous gray dots. Coarse cream flesh with a sweet and sour taste.
This is a quick-growing, high-yielding variety that begins to bear fruit for 4-5 years after planting a tree. They begin to pick apples in early September. On average, one adult plant produces up to 240 kg of fruit.
Slav
When developing the autumn Slavyanin variety, the Antonovka red-barrel apple and the variety SR 0523 [Red Melba x (Volf River x Mastrosanguinea 804)] were used. Crossbreeding was done by breeder E. Sedov.
The tree is medium-sized, grows quickly, having a rounded crown. The fruits are large, weigh up to 160 g. Apples have a flattened, conical shape. The peel is shiny, greenish yellow. The flesh is cream-colored, mid-plane, juicy and tender. The taste is sweet and sour, the aroma is weak.
3-4 years after planting, the tree begins to bear fruit. From one plant manages to get up to 200 kg of juicy fruits.
Marat Busurin
This is a new variety entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2001. It was created in 1998 by breeder V. Kichina, who crossed the well-known Autumn Joy variety and the donor sample SR0523.
The tree is characterized by a neat, rounded crown, dark gray shoot bark, curved leaves of a light green color with a slight shade of yellowness. The fruits are large, weigh 175-200 g. Apples are round in shape, have a slight flattening. The peel is smooth, green-yellow in color with fuzzy red stripes. They reach consumer maturity at a time when the peel becomes almost white.
The fruiting variety enters for 3-4 years after planting a seedling. The advantages of Marat Busurin include plentiful and regular fruiting. The apple tree does not need annual respite from fruit setting. The average yield is 100-120 kg per adult plant.
Among a large number of varieties of apples, gardeners can choose those varieties that most suit the desired characteristics. For cultivation in the suburbs, many summer, autumn and winter varieties have been bred, which are pleased with good yield indicators.
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